In reference to Admiral (Retd) Arun Prakash’s article ‘What the Armed Forces Expect from DRDO?’, which is an excerpt from his book ‘From the Crow’s Nest’, published in Indian Defence Review. Such prudent suggestions about making DRDO more relevant to the services could have come only from Admiral (Retd) Arun Prakash who perched high in Crow’s nest has had the privilege of sharp overview of the technology gaps confronting our armed forces. Some comments by way of supporting his views are-

(a) Symbiotic Scheme of things.Unless there is mutual trust, it is quite difficult for any defence system to be inducted into the services. The armed forces & DRDO must sit across the table and try to understand the limitations of the indigenous technology for the time being and produce limited number of Mark-I which should be upgraded to Mk-II when technology gaps are overcome on war footing rather than at snail’s pace. It is not possible to reach the level where those who started decades earlier in the first go. Arjun MBT can be one case in point but many lessons have been learn’t on both sides?

HUMSA sonar developed by DRDO

(b) Service Oriented. It quite admirable that the Admiral has admired three labs not only for bearing Naval prefix but also having Naval people working shoulder to shoulder with DRDO scientist for best results. May be DRDO rethinks about having at least one dedicated Lab for the Air Force. Till then in the Armament pyramid it can restore Air Armament Groups which had been disbanded decades back? For sure air power remains pre-requisite any operation on land or sea.

(c) ToT Route. Much of our bane has been due to the contours of transfer of technology not being defined clearly -which really turns out to be no more than screw driver assemblies. Tatra is classic example having remained fuel guzzling left hand drive even three decades of assembling at BEML? Similarly it is not much known if any worthwhile technology gaps have been bridged in our MiG assembly lines during the last about half a century? ToT should only be for the technologies which are not available-but if we could master cryogenic & gas turbines going steadily may be slowly has been worth it.

Continued on page 2…

Related Newss:

1. DRDO Life Sciences protects Indian Armed Forces Personnel
2. DRDO suggestions to reduce depression problems of armed forces personnel
3. India and South Korea Armed forces pact for joint excercises and defense technology

General Characteristics of MBT Arjun and T-90S

Battle tank design is an optimization of the three basic characteristics viz. firepower, mobility and protection. All tanks are designed in accordance with the war doctrine of the country and to ensure operation over a range of environmental conditions. Arjun MBT is a state of art tank, developed to suite specific needs of Indian Army. Arjun MBT is on par with contemporary tanks in its class like M1 Abrams, Leopard 2, Leclerc and Challenger II. T-90S is a lighter tank and does not fall in the class of Arjun MBT. T-90S is designed in accordance to specifications of the Russian Army and Russian cold climate. Both Arjun MBT and T-90S can be transported to Indian border areas by rail throughout the National Broad Gauge network.

Mobility performance

Arjun MBT’s Hydro Pneumatic Suspension system provides a stable weapon platform which enhances the fire on move capability and excellent riding comfort during cross country move. The Indian borders in north and west are very rugged. Arjun MBT has less Nominal Ground Pressure (NGP) compared to T-90S. Arjun MBT has better acceleration and maximum road speed due to high peak torque output of the engine coupled with fully automatic transmission not withstanding “slightly” lower power to weight ratio. Automatic transmission provides neutral turn capability which adds to the maneuverability during shoot and scoot. Arjun MBT features Auxiliary Power Units (APU) which T-90S does not have. APU’s provide continuous operation in silent watch mode. It also saves main engine life. Rubberized double pin tracks provide increased life, reduced track noise and better maintainability. Arjun MBT’s mission reliability has been proved with 500 kms being covered in 48 hours. Arjun MBT successfully crossed the RAVI River at Lassian without support systems due to lower ground pressure. Trench crossing capability of Arjun MBT is on par with T-90S as Arjun MBT has seven bogie stations compared to six bogie stations of T-90S.

Fire Power Performance

Firing performance of Arjun MBT is superior to T-90S in terms of accuracy (both static and dynamic situations) due to gun ammunition combination and high order of weapon stabilization coupled with auto collimated MRS. Auto collimated MRS compensates for the barrel bend. Firing performance of Arjun MBT and T-90S is same in terms of defeat capability and rate of firing. Two axis stabilized commander’s panoramic sight integrated with gunners main sight provides “hunter killer” capability both in static as dynamic mode (moving to moving mode). Higher order of stabilization accuracy enables accurate fire on the move at a moving target while maintaining the stipulated fire rate. The commander of Arjun MBT can engage targets in case of emergency, capable of firing at various slopes and tilt angles. First round hits probability has been demonstrated for MBT Arjun on a 1 mil target and greater than 60% hit percentage when firing from a moving Arjun tank to a moving target, both at 25 km/h.

LAHAT (semi automatic homing) Missile firing from Arjun MBT has been already demonstrated using a stand alone Laser Target Designator (LTD). This designator can be integrated into Gunner’s Main Sight (GMS). T-90S can fire Laser bean riding missile..

Arjun MBT armament system including gun barrel has been proved to be robust and reliable No case of barrel burst was reported even after firing 10000 rounds. The Arjun MBT prototypes and pre production tanks fired more than 100 rounds from the same barrel in a day. Life of barrel of Arjun MBT is twice that of T-90S, estimate equivalent in Effective Full Charge (EFC) of 500.

Protection Performance

Protection of MBT Arjun against FSAPDS and HESH ammunitions has been demonstrated. In January 2000 at Proof & Experimental Establishment (PXE), Balasore, Arjun tank armor defeated all available HESH and FSAPDS rounds including Israeli FSAPDS rounds. ERA is effective only against HEAT ammunition and not FSAPDS which is the primary threat to a battle tank. Arjun Tank has ERA protection as add on feature, while T-90S has it as a regular feature. A tank with ERA has a weight penalty.

Outcome

Indian Army has not expressed the purpose of this exercise. It can be various reasons like a genuine requirement of validating its GSQR which resulted in creation of a heavy tank or the Indian Army internal rivalry or the pressure from the import lobby to kill the indigenous Arjun MBT project. It will be the test of Indian Army’s own integrity as Arjun MBT was made as per the Indian Army General Staff Qualitative Requirement (GSQR), tested by Indian Army and approved for production by Indian Army.

Related Newss:

1. Indian Army finds no major defects with Arjun Tank during Exercise Ashwamegh
2. 43rd Armour Regiment and ex-officer’s satisfied with Arjun Tank
3. Arjun Tank woes due to foreign vendors and Army

The report states that, Indian Army had Seven Arjun Tanks during Exercise Ashwamegh ,i.e, 5 LSP’s (limited series) and 2 PPS (pre production). Six Arjun Tanks participated in the exercise. The cumulative distance traveled by Arjun Tank in the exercise is 180 kilometers. All the Tanks had (inner) air getting dirty faster remark and one PPS tank had maintenance related minor issue of engine oil leak and end connector getting loose.

Indian Army observations as recorded in the document

a) No major problems faced during Ex-Ashvamegh.
b) No other defects found during Ex-Ashvamegh.

On asked about the Arjuns Tanks minor issues that croped up during Ex Ashvamegh , FIDSNS was told that the LSP’s and PPS’s had run a cumulative distance of 1000 kms before participating in Ex Ashvamegh with normal maintenance.

Related Newss:

1. Arjun Tank woes due to foreign vendors and Army
2. 43rd Armour Regiment and ex-officer’s satisfied with Arjun Tank
3. MBT Arjun Production is getting stabilized